How do lenders calculate self-employed income?
The usual method takes the net income reported on your filed returns, adds back certain non-cash items such as depreciation and depletion, and averages the result across the most recent two years. If the most recent year is lower, many lenders use that lower figure rather than the average.
This is why a business that feels healthy can read as a modest salary on a loan file. Nothing is wrong with your business; the calculation is simply looking at a different number than you are.
What documents will I need?
Expect two years of personal and business tax returns with all schedules, a current year-to-date profit and loss statement, recent business bank statements, and evidence the business is active such as a licence, entity filing or a letter from your accountant.
You do not need all of it before a first conversation. Gathering it early simply removes the scramble later.
Do write-offs hurt my mortgage application?
They can. Every deduction that reduces taxable income also reduces the income a conventional lender can count. That is not a reason to overpay tax, but it is a reason to know which year you plan to buy in before you file.
If the returns are already filed and the number is low, a bank statement review program or a co-borrower with W-2 income may be the more realistic route.
What loan options exist for business owners?
Conventional loans are usually the cheapest when the documented income supports the payment. Bank statement review programs trade a higher rate for a different income calculation. FHA and VA loans are both available to self-employed borrowers who otherwise qualify.
Program availability, rates and requirements vary by lender and by your individual file. Nothing here is a commitment to lend.
Will my business debt count against me?
It depends on who is obligated on the debt and whether the business can be shown to be paying it from business accounts. Documented business-paid debt can often be excluded from your personal ratios. Bring the statements and the paperwork rather than a description.
Ed’s take
Business owners get told no more often than they should, usually by someone who ran the numbers the fast way and stopped there. A self-employed file takes more reading, not more luck.
My strong advice: talk to someone about the mortgage before your accountant finalises the return for the year you intend to buy. That one piece of sequencing has changed more outcomes than any product I could put in front of you.